Apparatus for pasteurizing liquids in bottles.



No. 678.724. Patented July [6, I901. L. GANGLUFF. APPARATUS FOR PASTEURIZING LIQUIDS IN BOTTLES.

(Application filed Dec. 1, 1800.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-$haat l.

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' Patanted Iluly I6, I901. L. GANGLUFF. APPABATU8 FOB PASTEUBIZIIIG LIQUIDS III BOTTLES. (Application filed Dan. 19 0-) (lo Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 678,724. Patented July I6, I90l.

L. GANGLUFF.

APPARATUS FOR PAS'TEUBIZING LIQUIDS IN BOTTLES.

(Applicatibn filed 1m. 1, 1900. (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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LOUIS GANGLOFF, 0F IIAGENAU, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR PASTEURIZING LIQUIDS IN BOTTLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 678,724, dated July 16, 1901. Application filed December 1,1900- Serial No. 38,320. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LoUIs GANGLOFF, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Hagenau, Alsace, in the German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Pasteurizing Liquids in Bottles and the Like, (for which I have applied for patent in Germany, dated October 5, 1899,) of which the followingis a specification.

My present invention relates to an apparatus for uniformly pasteurizing bottled beer and the like in which the bottles can be gradually raised to the required temperature and when desired reduced graduallyto the normal temperature Without danger of their being broken.

According to my invention the bottles to be pasteurized are placed continuously into the compartments (hereinafter called cells) of the apparatus in order to be raised to the desired temperature, and after being pasteurized and cooled are removed from the apparatus without interrupting the operation. This method of gradually heating and cooling the bottles to be pasteurized and their continuous feed and removal is carried into effect by the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is a cross-section, and Fig. 2 a horizontal section, of the apparatus. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the stopper shown in position on one of the overflow-pipes of the cells. Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the man-- ner of connecting the separate cells of the apparatus, while Figs. 5 to 22 are diagrams illustrating the operation of the apparatus.

The pasteurization of the bottles is effected in a number of cells 1 to 24, arranged adjacently in a ring and all heated from a common source. These cells are connected together by overflow-pipes 1" in the manner hereinafter described. The heating is effected by steam in an apparatus shown in Fig. 1 at h.

This apparatus consists of a hollow vessel, which is situated at the center of the system of cells (1 to 24., Fig. 2) and is provided with a steam-pipe t and a steam-injector '6. By mean'stof the injector z the water to be heated is fed liDiO the heater h in the well-known Through the pipe 25 steam can be admitted nto the heater it direct, and the temperature of the water contained therein can be raised to the degree desired; To the heater h a suction-pipe a and an overflowpipe 01 are connected. These pipes are so constructed and arranged that they can connect the heater h with each and every one of the cells. The cells are uniformly filled with water before putting the apparatus to work.

The heater operates in the following manner: On opening the valve o the steam-injector is put into operation, the suction-pipe at having been previously connected with the overflow-pipe of one of the cells, and the cold water therein is conducted in the direction of the arrow 19 into the heater 72. By opening the valve '0 the temperature will be further raised. The heater h, which for the purpose of enabling the temperature to be better regulated, is provided with a thermometer r, and the water which has been raised to the desired temperature is conducted by the pipe d in the direction of the arrow 12' to the cell where the pasteurization commences.

Owing to the peculiar relative position of the cells and the arrangement of the heater with regard to the same all the cells can be successively raised to the temperature required forpasteurizingsay, for example, centigrade-while the peculiar form and arrangement of the cells enables the uniform cooling of the contents of the same after the pasteurization has been effected.

The principle of conducting the water from the one cell into the heater 71 and then delivering this water at a higher temperature to another cell is utilized in order to obtain the uniform successive heating and cooling of all the cells. In order to render this possible, the cells are connected together in the manner shown in Fig. 4. Each cell is provided with a projecting chamber at n, to which one end of the overflow-pipe r is connected, the other end of which is connected to the adjacent cell, so that when the water has reached a certain level in one cell it overflows into the next one.

The change in the level-of the water, which is effected by the injector of the heater, causes the gradual circulation of the contents from cell to cell. As now all the cells are not uniformly heated, but one compartment alone receives the principal share of the heat in each case. The temperature of each cell is communicated gradually, commencing with the hottest one, to all the others to an extent depending on the quantity of hot water overflowing from cell to cell. It will be evident that inasmuch as the one cell delivers its excess hot water to the next one a gradual heating of the contents of all the cells thus of the bottles in the same is effected. In order to insure a uniform continuance of the operation, it is, however, necessary to enable the cells which have attained the highest temperature to be cut off from the others. For this purpose stoppers 0, Fig. 3, are provided to fit the overflow-pipes of the cells. By means of these stoppers the attendant can interrupt the operation at any time.

The entire operation of an apparatus having twenty-four cells is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 22 of the drawings. The figures between the arrows on the extreme circumference represent the numbers of the cells, while the numbers in the cells represent the temperature in the same. The arrows on the pipes 01, and d and at the periphery show how the Water circulates at each step in the operation. Where the peripheral arrows are omitted, the cells have been cut off from the others, as will be explained by the temperature given. According to the diagram shown the entire operation is as follows: 'When all the cells have received sufficient water, the cells 1 to 11 are filled with the bottles to be pasteurized, Fig. 1. The suction-pipe a is now placed in connection with the cells 13 and the overflow-pipe d with the cell 1 in the manner shown in Fig. 1, this motion being permitted by flexible hollow couplings of common construction placed at the angles of the pipes, adjacent to the boiler. On opening the valve of the steam-injector water will be conducted through the pipe (1 into the heater h, and when the heater is full it will overflow through the pipe 01 into the cell 1. The temperature can, as above mentioned, be accurately regulated by means of a thermometer. For pasteurizing beer a temperature of 50 has been found to be the best, and this temperature is obtained by such a heater in fifty minutes. As now water is taken from one cell when the water is at the same level in all the cells and this water is conducted to another cell, the water in all the cells is caused to circulate. It will be evident that when water is drawn from the cell 13 the level of the water in this cell will differ from that in the neighboring cells 12 and 14, and water will consequently flow from these cells 12 and 14 into the cell 13 in order to attain a like level. This change of level will take place throughout the whole series of the cells. In addition to the change of level in the cells,which is caused by drawing off the water from one of the cells, a further change of level is produced by the overflowing into the neighboring cells of the hot water from the cell to which the hot water is delivered from the heater. The Water flowing through the pipe dinto the cell 1 raises the level of the water in this cell, and water will accordingly overflow into the cells 2 and 24. This change of level and overflow takes place throughout all the cells, and two different directions of flow or currents are accordingly produced, as shown by the arrows at the periphery in Fig. 5. It will be evident that the hot or warm water overflowing from cell to cell in this manner will gradually raise the temperature of the water in the cell in proportion to the circulation throughout the cells. The heating action proceeds from the cell 1 to the cell 11 and from the cell 24 to the cell 16, and the differences of temperature produced in this manner in each of the cells are shown by the numbers placed in the cells in the diagram.

The differences of temperature in the cells represented in Fig. 5 are produced in the following manner: The water entering the cell 1 through the pipe d has a temperature of 50, and owing to the fact that water is being drawn from the cell 13 through the tube a the hot water becomes gradually mixed with the cold water in the cells. The water overflowing from the cell 1 is distributed at the commencement of the operation in the manner shown in Fig. 5, passing through the cells 2,

&c., and 24, &c., to the cell 13. In passing through the cells 1 to 11 the hot water is cooled by contact with the cold bottles in the same, while in passing through the cells 24 to 13 it is only cooled by the cold water in these cells. .When the cell 1 has been raised to 50 centigrade, which will take about fifty minutes, the operation of the apparatus is altered by the attendant placing the suction and overflow pipes in connection with two other cells. This change can be effected at periods of, say, five minutes, which may be indicated by the striking of a special clock.

In Fig. 6 the cells 1, 24, 23, and 22 have been cut off from the others. The water is taken from the cell 21 and delivered from the heater to the cell 2. As the water taken from the cell 21 is not quite cold, the direct feed of the steam into the heater must of course be regulated accordingly in obtaining the 50 centigrade desired. The cut-off which is represented by 0 in Fig. 3 and at the cell 22 in Fig. 6 and in the same manner in the following figures prevents the overflow of the cells 22, 23, 24, and 1. The water flowing through the pipe 61 into the cell 2 does not pass into the cell 1, as the water in this latter cell, as in the other cells 24, 23, and 22, is at the same level as the water in the cell 2, but overflows into the cell 3, from whence it overflows into the cell 4, 850., to the cell 21, where the suction-pipe a assists the circulation.

The step-by-step increase of the temperature in the cells 2 to 11, which will be noticed on examining the diagram, is obtained by each of the cells receiving water from a cell the temperature of which is somewhat higher than its own temperature. It should be noticed that the hottest part of the water in the one crates cell is mixed with the coldest part of the water in the next one, and it is due to this fact, which constitutes a peculiarity of the apparatus, that each cell is fed with water having a higher temperature than the water it contains itself.

When the pipe a is removed from the cell 13 to the cell 21, Fig. 5, and a stopper is placed on the cell 22, the hot water does not flow in two directions, as before, but passes alone from 2 to 3, &c., to 21, from which it passes at a temperature of 33 through the pipe a into the heater. In the cell 12 the cold bottles to be pasteurized are placed. The water flowing from the cell 11 through the cell 12 is cooled by the bottles, and the temperature in this cell is reduced to 16. At the stage shown in Fig. 6 the water is fed to the heater at a temperature of 33, and as the stopper is placed on the cell 22 the water in the cell 21 will be displaced by the water of the cell 20, which has the temperature of 29, and the water of each cell down to the third one will be displaced in a like manner. The operation is the same at the stage shown in Fig. 7, in which the cold bottles are placed in the cell 13. In this case, too, the temperature of the water overflowing from the cell 12 is re duced to 16.

By placing the cold bottles into the cells at periods of five minutes a cooling agent is provided for the warm water, which is such that the coldest bottles always come into contact with the coldest water, and the bottles are gradually warmed to an extent depending on the quantity of water overflowing from cell to cell.

The temperature of the cells 12 to 24 is only raised when they contain bottles,because then only water having a higher temperature than the remaining cells can enter.

After the stage shown in Fig. 6, according to which several cells are cut off from the others and the cell 1 has been maintained at a temperature of 50 for five minutes, the stop per is removed from the cell 1, the pipe (1 is connected to the cell 3, the pipe at to the cell 22, and the stopper is placed on the cell 23, Fig. 7. While now the pasteurized bottles are gradually cooling, the bottles which have been subsequently placed in the coldest cells are gradually heated. At the stage shown in Fig. 7 the water circulates from the cell 3 to the cell 22, and the cells 23, 24, 1, and 2 are cut off from the others and maintain their temperature. Since the commencement of the operation of the apparatus, the cell 1 has at this stage been kept at the temperature of 50 for ten minutes, the cell 2 for five minutes, and the cell 3 now reaches this temperature. In five minutes the pipe cl is connected to the cell a, the pipe at with the cell 23, and the stopper is placed on the cell 2 1, Fig. 8. The water now circulates from the cell 4 to the cell 23, and the cells 24, 1, 2, and 3 remain at the same temperature. The cell 1 has now been maintained at 50 for fifteen minutes,

the cell 2 for ten minutes, the cell 3 for five minutes, and the cell 1 reaches the temperature required. In the meantime bottles have been placed in the cell 14. The pipes remain in the position shown in Fig. 8 for five minutes.

After the pipes have been changed into the position shown in Fig. 10 the cell which was raised to the temperature of 50 centigrade during the first fifty minutes and has been kept at this temperature for twenty minutes begins to cool down. At this point the cooling down of the apparatus commences and, what constitutes a feature of great importance, the steam of the injector alone will now suffice to heat the water to the desired temper ature without the assistance of direct steam. At this stage of the process the cell 2 has been maintained at the maximum temperature for twenty minutes, the cell 3 for fifteen minutes, the cell 4 for ten minutes, the cell 5 for five minutes, while the cell 6 has just reached its highest temperature.

From the foregoing it will be evident that the time during which the bottles to be pas teurized are kept at the desired temperature in the cells may be varied within wide limits. If a longer time is necessary to pasteurize, the time between each change of the suction and overflow pipes must be lengthened.

Figs. 5 to 22 illustrate the operation with a change at every five minutes. By successively modifying the hot, warm, and cold currents the liquids are heated and again cooled. At the stage shown in Fig. 19 the first part of the operation is completed.

The operation,as furtherillustrated in Figs. 20 to 22, can be followed in the same manner as above.

It is clearly shown by the diagram that the bottles in the cell 1, which were at first cold, were gradually heated up to C0 centigrade, which lasted fifty minutes, kept at this temperature for twenty minutes, and then grad ually cooled down by the water circulating through the apparatus during forty-five min utes until the normal temperature possessed by the bottle on entering the apparatus is ob tained. The bottles in the cell 1 have there fore been gradually heated, pasteurized, and again cooled, and can now be removed from the cell and be replaced by other bottles which have to be pasteurized. At the stage shown in Fig. 19 the pasteurized bottles which have been cooled down have been removed and replaced by new bottles, which have also to be pasteurized. In this figure the suction-pipe, overtlow pipe, and stopper have each been moved from one cell to the next. The water coming from the cell 2 1 is now cooled. down by the new cold bottles, so that the tempera ture in the cell is cooled down to 19, whereupon the bottles in this cell are removed and new cold bottles are inserted. This operation lasts live minutes, whereupon, as shown in Fig. 16, the suction-pipe, overliow pipe, and stopper are again changed, and the pasteurized bottles are removed from the cell 3 and replaced by new ones. In another five minutes, Fig. 17, the parts are again changed and the bottles replaced. The operation of the apparatus proceeds in this manner continuously, the suction-pipe, overflow-pipe, and stopper being changed and the pasteurized bottles replaced by new cold bottles at each period.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

An apparatus for pasteurizing liquids in bottles or other receptacles, consisting of a series of cells adapted to receive the bottles or receptacles, said cells being arranged in an endless chain and being connected successively by overflow-pipes provided with valves, in combination with a source of hot Water, two pipes leading respectively to and from said source, means for maintaining a circulation of the water therethrough, and means whereby said pipes may be shifted to connect with any two of the series of cells, whereby the bottled material in the cells can be gradually raised in temperature and then gradually reduced in temperature, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two Witnesses.

LOUIS GANGLOFF.

Witnesses:

KARL GEETER, MAX ADLER. 

